Chemistry - Organic Chemistry - Introduction - Carbon bonding and hybridization - 3D Hybridization Models

Interactive 3D-like visualization of carbon hybridization. Three modes: 1) sp³ (TETRAHEDRAL): Show 4 equivalent orbitals pointing to corners of tetrahedron. Bond angle = 109.5°. Example: CH₄ (methane). All single bonds. Rotate the 3D model with mouse. 2) sp² (TRIGONAL PLANAR): Show 3 orbitals in a p