English - Advanced Grammar - Direct and indirect speech - Quoting vs Reporting

5 steps: (1) DIRECT SPEECH: the EXACT words someone said, in quotation marks. 'She said, "I am tired."' (2) INDIRECT/REPORTED SPEECH: reporting what someone said WITHOUT quotes, with tense changes. 'She said that she was tired.' (3) Tense shift rules (backshift): Present → Past: 'I am' → 'she was'.

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English - Advanced Grammar - Direct and indirect speech - Quoting vs Reporting
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English - Advanced Grammar - Direct and indirect speech - Quoting vs Reporting

vivmagarwal
vivmagarwalJan 29, 2026

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5 steps: (1) DIRECT SPEECH: the EXACT words someone said, in quotation marks. 'She said, "I am tired."' (2) INDIRECT/REPORTED SPEECH: reporting what someone said WITHOUT quotes, with tense changes. 'She said that she was tired.' (3) Tense shift rules (backshift): Present → Past: 'I am' → 'she was'.

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EnglishAdvanced GrammarClass 9, Class 9, Grade 9, MYP Grade 9, IGCSE

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