English - Literary Theory - Formalism and New Criticism - Text Itself Approach
5 steps: (1) FORMALISM/NEW CRITICISM: The text is a self-contained object. Analyze ONLY what's ON THE PAGE. Author's biography, historical context, reader's feelings = IRRELEVANT. (2) Key concept: 'The Intentional Fallacy' (Wimsatt & Beardsley): the author's intention doesn't determine meaning. The