Appendix D: Resources
This appendix provides resources for deepening your understanding of Concept-Based Instruction, inquiry learning, and AI in education. Resources are organized by topic and annotated to help you find what's most useful for your needs.
Foundational CBI Resources
Essential Reading
Erickson, H. L. (2007). Concept-Based Curriculum and Instruction for the Thinking Classroom. Corwin Press.
The foundational text on Concept-Based Curriculum and Instruction. Erickson provides the theoretical framework for organizing curriculum around transferable concepts and generalizations. Essential reading for anyone serious about CBI implementation.
Best for: Understanding the theoretical foundations of CBI
Erickson, H. L., Lanning, L. A., & French, R. (2017). Concept-Based Curriculum and Instruction for the Thinking Classroom (2nd ed.). Corwin Press.
Updated edition incorporating developments in the field. Includes more examples, refined frameworks, and practical tools for implementation.
Best for: Comprehensive understanding with practical applications
Lanning, L. A. (2013). Designing a Concept-Based Curriculum for English Language Arts: Meeting the Common Core with Intellectual Integrity, K-12. Corwin Press.
Applies CBI specifically to ELA instruction. Provides subject-specific guidance, unit examples, and strategies for maintaining intellectual rigor while meeting standards.
Best for: ELA teachers seeking subject-specific CBI guidance
Marschall, C., & French, R. (2018). Concept-Based Inquiry in Action: Strategies to Promote Transferable Understanding. Corwin Press.
Bridges concept-based curriculum with inquiry methodology. Provides practical strategies for implementing inquiry within a concept-based framework.
Best for: Teachers ready to combine CBI with inquiry approaches
Stern, J., Ferraro, K., & Mohnkern, J. (2017). Tools for Teaching Conceptual Understanding, Secondary: Designing Lessons and Assessments for Deep Learning. Corwin Press.
Practical toolkit for secondary teachers. Includes planning templates, assessment strategies, and numerous classroom examples.
Best for: Secondary teachers seeking practical implementation tools
Stern, J., Ferraro, K., Duncan, K., & Aleo, T. (2021). Tools for Teaching Conceptual Understanding, Elementary: Harnessing Natural Curiosity for Learning That Transfers. Corwin Press.
Elementary-focused companion to the secondary tools book. Addresses developmental considerations and provides age-appropriate examples.
Best for: Elementary teachers seeking practical implementation tools
Structure of Knowledge Resources
Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (2005). Understanding by Design (2nd ed.). ASCD.
While not specifically CBI, Understanding by Design provides complementary frameworks for backward design and enduring understandings. Many CBI practitioners integrate UbD principles.
Best for: Understanding backward design and big ideas
Bruner, J. S. (1960). The Process of Education. Harvard University Press.
Classic text that introduced the idea of the "structure of the disciplines." Foundational for understanding why concept-based approaches matter.
Best for: Historical and theoretical grounding
Hattie, J., Fisher, D., & Frey, N. (2017). Visible Learning for Mathematics: What Works Best to Optimize Student Learning. Corwin Press.
Research-based strategies for mathematics instruction, including attention to conceptual understanding. Part of the Visible Learning series.
Best for: Math teachers seeking research-based practices
Inquiry Learning Resources
Inquiry Methodology
Murdoch, K. (2015). The Power of Inquiry: Teaching and Learning with Curiosity, Creativity and Purpose in the Contemporary Classroom. Seastar Education.
Practical guide to implementing inquiry across subjects. Strong on creating inquiry culture and supporting student agency.
Best for: Building inquiry culture in classrooms
Wilhelm, J. D. (2007). Engaging Readers and Writers with Inquiry: Promoting Deep Understanding in Language Arts and the Content Areas. Scholastic.
Integrates inquiry with literacy instruction. Provides strategies for inquiry across content areas with attention to reading and writing.
Best for: Content area teachers integrating literacy
Ritchhart, R., Church, M., & Morrison, K. (2011). Making Thinking Visible: How to Promote Engagement, Understanding, and Independence for All Learners. Jossey-Bass.
Essential resource for thinking routines that support inquiry. Provides practical protocols for making student thinking visible.
Best for: Building thinking culture and visible thinking routines
Ritchhart, R. (2015). Creating Cultures of Thinking: The 8 Forces We Must Master to Truly Transform Our Schools. Jossey-Bass.
Expands on visible thinking to address school culture. Useful for understanding the broader conditions that support CBI.
Best for: School leaders and culture change
Project-Based and Problem-Based Learning
Larmer, J., Mergendoller, J., & Boss, S. (2015). Setting the Standard for Project Based Learning. ASCD.
Defines high-quality project-based learning. Helpful for understanding how PBL can incorporate conceptual focus.
Best for: Integrating CBI with project-based approaches
Krajcik, J. S., & Shin, N. (2014). Project-based learning. In R. K. Sawyer (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Research-based chapter on project-based learning. Provides theoretical grounding for inquiry-based approaches.
Best for: Research foundation for inquiry methods
Subject-Specific Resources
English Language Arts
Beers, K., & Probst, R. E. (2017). Disrupting Thinking: Why How We Read Matters. Scholastic.
Addresses reading as thinking, not just skill execution. Supports conceptual approach to literacy instruction.
Best for: Developing readers as thinkers
Gallagher, K., & Kittle, P. (2018). 180 Days: Two Teachers and the Quest to Engage and Empower Adolescents. Heinemann.
Practical look at engaging secondary ELA instruction. Models thinking-centered instruction.
Best for: Secondary ELA teachers seeking practical inspiration
Anderson, J. (2005). Mechanically Inclined: Building Grammar, Usage, and Style into Writer's Workshop. Stenhouse.
Conceptual approach to grammar instruction. Shows how to teach language concepts rather than just rules.
Best for: Grammar and language instruction
Mathematics
Boaler, J. (2016). Mathematical Mindsets: Unleashing Students' Potential through Creative Math, Inspiring Messages and Innovative Teaching. Jossey-Bass.
Addresses mathematics as conceptual and creative. Provides research-based strategies for developing mathematical thinking.
Best for: Building mathematical mindsets and conceptual understanding
Van de Walle, J. A., Karp, K. S., & Bay-Williams, J. M. (2019). Elementary and Middle School Mathematics: Teaching Developmentally (10th ed.). Pearson.
Comprehensive methods text with strong conceptual focus. Provides developmentally appropriate strategies.
Best for: Elementary and middle school math instruction
Smith, M. S., & Stein, M. K. (2011). 5 Practices for Orchestrating Productive Mathematics Discussions. NCTM.
Practical framework for facilitating mathematical discourse. Supports inquiry-based math instruction.
Best for: Mathematical discourse and discussion
Leinwand, S. (2014). Principles to Actions: Ensuring Mathematical Success for All. NCTM.
NCTM's vision for effective mathematics teaching. Aligns well with CBI principles.
Best for: NCTM-aligned mathematics instruction
Science
Bybee, R. W. (2014). The BSCS 5E Instructional Model: Creating Teachable Moments. NSTA Press.
Definitive guide to the 5E model. Essential for science teachers using inquiry approaches.
Best for: 5E model implementation
Windschitl, M., Thompson, J., & Braaten, M. (2018). Ambitious Science Teaching. Harvard Education Press.
Research-based approach to science teaching focused on explanation and sense-making. Strong alignment with NGSS and inquiry.
Best for: NGSS-aligned science instruction
Achieve. (2013). Next Generation Science Standards: For States, By States. National Academies Press.
The NGSS standards themselves. Essential reference for science teachers.
Best for: Standards reference
NGSS Lead States. (2016). Using Phenomena in NGSS-Designed Lessons and Units. nextgenscience.org.
Guidance on phenomenon-based instruction. Supports conceptual science teaching.
Best for: Phenomenon-based science instruction
Social Studies
Seixas, P., & Morton, T. (2013). The Big Six Historical Thinking Concepts. Nelson Education.
Definitive guide to historical thinking concepts. Essential for history teachers.
Best for: Historical thinking framework
Wineburg, S. (2001). Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past. Temple University Press.
Foundational text on historical thinking. Provides research basis for conceptual history instruction.
Best for: Theoretical grounding in historical thinking
Grant, S. G., Swan, K., & Lee, J. (2017). Inquiry-Based Practice in Social Studies Education: Understanding the Inquiry Design Model. Routledge.
Comprehensive guide to the Inquiry Design Model (IDM). Provides framework for inquiry-based social studies.
Best for: Inquiry Design Model implementation
Parker, W. C. (2018). Social Studies Today: Research and Practice (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Overview of contemporary social studies education. Addresses various approaches including inquiry and conceptual instruction.
Best for: Broad overview of social studies methods
Assessment Resources
Conceptual Assessment
Brookhart, S. M. (2010). How to Assess Higher-Order Thinking Skills in Your Classroom. ASCD.
Practical guide to assessing higher-order thinking. Directly applicable to assessing conceptual understanding.
Best for: Designing assessments for deeper understanding
Wiliam, D. (2011). Embedded Formative Assessment. Solution Tree.
Essential resource on formative assessment. Provides strategies applicable to CBI classrooms.
Best for: Formative assessment implementation
Moss, C. M., & Brookhart, S. M. (2012). Learning Targets: Helping Students Aim for Understanding in Today's Lesson. ASCD.
Guidance on clear learning targets. Supports concept-focused goal setting.
Best for: Clarifying learning goals
Performance Assessment
McTighe, J. (2015). Essential Questions: Opening Doors to Student Understanding. ASCD.
Guide to developing and using essential questions. Supports inquiry-focused CBI.
Best for: Question design
Stiggins, R., & Chappuis, J. (2012). An Introduction to Student-Involved Assessment FOR Learning (6th ed.). Pearson.
Student-centered approach to assessment. Supports student ownership of learning.
Best for: Student-involved assessment practices
AI in Education Resources
Understanding AI
Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial Intelligence in Education: Promises and Implications for Teaching and Learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign.
Comprehensive overview of AI in education. Provides framework for understanding possibilities and limitations.
Best for: Understanding AI in educational contexts
Luckin, R. (2018). Machine Learning and Human Intelligence: The Future of Education for the 21st Century. UCL Press.
Research-based exploration of AI and learning. Addresses how AI can support and potentially transform education.
Best for: Research perspective on AI and learning
Seldon, A., & Abidoye, O. (2018). The Fourth Education Revolution: Will Artificial Intelligence Liberate or Infantilise Humanity?. University of Buckingham Press.
Explores implications of AI for education's future. Raises important questions about AI's role.
Best for: Big-picture thinking about AI and education
AI and Teaching Practice
Mollick, E., & Mollick, L. (2023). "Assigning AI: Seven Approaches for Students, with Prompts." Wharton School.
Practical framework for student AI use. Provides specific strategies and prompts.
Best for: Classroom AI use frameworks
Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). "Artificial intelligence in education: A review." IEEE Access, 8, 75264-75278.
Research review of AI in education. Provides evidence base for AI applications.
Best for: Research overview
AI Literacy
Long, D., & Magerko, B. (2020). "What is AI literacy? Competencies and design considerations." Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1-16.
Framework for AI literacy competencies. Useful for planning student AI education.
Best for: AI literacy curriculum design
Touretzky, D., Gardner-McCune, C., Martin, F., & Seehorn, D. (2019). "Envisioning AI for K-12: What should every child know about AI?" Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 33(01), 9795-9799.
Framework for K-12 AI education. Provides developmental progression.
Best for: K-12 AI curriculum planning
Professional Learning Resources
Teacher Development
Knight, J. (2007). Instructional Coaching: A Partnership Approach to Improving Instruction. Corwin Press.
Framework for instructional coaching. Applicable to CBI implementation support.
Best for: Coaching and supporting teacher growth
Easton, L. B. (Ed.). (2015). Powerful Designs for Professional Learning (3rd ed.). Learning Forward.
Collection of professional learning designs. Useful for planning CBI professional development.
Best for: Professional learning design
DuFour, R., & Fullan, M. (2013). Cultures Built to Last: Systemic PLCs at Work. Solution Tree.
Guide to building sustainable professional learning communities. Supports collaborative CBI implementation.
Best for: Building collaborative structures
Reflective Practice
Schön, D. A. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Basic Books.
Classic text on professional reflection. Foundational for understanding reflective practice.
Best for: Theoretical grounding in reflection
Brookfield, S. D. (2017). Becoming a Critically Reflective Teacher (2nd ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Practical guide to critical reflection. Provides specific strategies for examining practice.
Best for: Developing reflective habits
Organizations and Websites
Professional Organizations
Concept-Based Curriculum and Instruction Network
- Website: cbci.network
- Resources: Workshops, conferences, practitioner network
- Best for: Connecting with CBI community
ASCD (Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development)
- Website: ascd.org
- Resources: Publications, professional learning, educational leadership resources
- Best for: Broad educational resources
Learning Forward
- Website: learningforward.org
- Resources: Professional learning standards, publications, conferences
- Best for: Professional development design
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM)
- Website: nctm.org
- Resources: Publications, conferences, mathematics education resources
- Best for: Mathematics-specific resources
National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS)
- Website: socialstudies.org
- Resources: Publications, C3 Framework, conferences
- Best for: Social studies-specific resources
National Science Teaching Association (NSTA)
- Website: nsta.org
- Resources: NGSS resources, publications, conferences
- Best for: Science-specific resources
International Literacy Association (ILA)
- Website: literacyworldwide.org
- Resources: Publications, standards, professional learning
- Best for: Literacy-specific resources
Online Resources
Project Zero (Harvard Graduate School of Education)
- Website: pz.harvard.edu
- Resources: Thinking routines, research, visible thinking resources
- Best for: Thinking routines and visible thinking
Buck Institute for Education (PBLWorks)
- Website: pblworks.org
- Resources: Project-based learning resources, professional development
- Best for: Project-based learning integration
Stanford History Education Group
- Website: sheg.stanford.edu
- Resources: Reading Like a Historian curriculum, assessment tools
- Best for: Historical thinking resources
ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education)
- Website: iste.org
- Resources: Technology standards, AI in education resources
- Best for: Technology and AI integration
AI4K12 Initiative
- Website: ai4k12.org
- Resources: K-12 AI education guidelines and resources
- Best for: AI curriculum for K-12
Recommended Reading Sequences
For CBI Beginners
- Start with: Erickson, H. L., Lanning, L. A., & French, R. (2017). Concept-Based Curriculum and Instruction for the Thinking Classroom (2nd ed.)
- Then: Your subject-specific CBI resource
- Then: Ritchhart, R., Church, M., & Morrison, K. (2011). Making Thinking Visible
- Then: Marschall, C., & French, R. (2018). Concept-Based Inquiry in Action
For Experienced CBI Practitioners
- Deepen with: Ritchhart, R. (2015). Creating Cultures of Thinking
- Extend with: Subject-specific methodology texts
- Expand with: AI in education resources
- Challenge with: Current research articles
For School Leaders
- Start with: Erickson overview text
- Then: DuFour, R., & Fullan, M. (2013). Cultures Built to Last
- Then: Ritchhart, R. (2015). Creating Cultures of Thinking
- Then: Knight, J. (2007). Instructional Coaching
Building Your Professional Library
Essential Shelf (Start Here)
- One foundational CBI text (Erickson or Lanning)
- One subject-specific methodology text
- Making Thinking Visible (Ritchhart et al.)
- One assessment resource (Brookhart or Wiliam)
Expanded Collection
- Additional subject-specific resources
- Concept-Based Inquiry in Action (Marschall & French)
- AI in education resource
- Professional learning design resource
Reference Collection
- Standards documents for your subject/grade
- Understanding by Design (Wiggins & McTighe)
- Current educational leadership subscription
- Access to educational research databases
Staying Current
Journals to Follow
- Educational Leadership (ASCD)
- Subject-specific journals (NCTM, NCSS, NSTA, ILA publications)
- Phi Delta Kappan
- Journal of Curriculum Studies
Blogs and Newsletters
- Cult of Pedagogy (Jennifer Gonzalez)
- Edutopia
- Education Week
- Subject-specific organization newsletters
Social Media Hashtags
- #ConceptBasedLearning
- #InquiryBasedLearning
- #EdChat
- Subject-specific hashtags (#MTBoS, #SSchat, etc.)
Conferences
- Learning Forward Annual Conference
- ASCD Annual Conference
- Subject-specific conferences (NCTM, NCSS, NSTA, NCTE)
- Regional and state conferences
A Note on Resources
Educational resources are constantly evolving. The books, articles, and websites listed here represent excellent starting points as of this book's publication. However:
- Verify currency: Check for updated editions
- Evaluate critically: Apply the same critical thinking you teach
- Adapt for context: What works in one setting may need modification for yours
- Build your network: Colleagues are often the best resources
- Contribute back: Share what you learn with the professional community
The best resource is often another thoughtful practitioner wrestling with the same questions you face. Seek out colleagues, join professional networks, and engage in the ongoing conversation about how we help students develop transferable understanding.
For additional resources and updates, visit [author website]. The CBI community continues to grow and develop new tools, strategies, and insights. Join us in the ongoing work of helping students think conceptually and transfer their learning.