Knowledge KWL
At a Glance
- Time: 3-5 minutes
- Prep: Minimal (chart paper or template)
- Group: Individual or whole class
- Setting: Any
- Subjects: Universal
- Energy: Low
Purpose
Activate prior knowledge and set learning goals by having students document: Know (what they already know), Want to know (questions/curiosities), Learned (what they discovered)—providing a metacognitive framework that tracks learning across a lesson or unit.
How It Works
- K - What I Know (1-2 min) - Students list current knowledge about upcoming topic
- W - What I Want to know (1-2 min) - Students generate questions or curiosities about the topic
- L - What I Learned (1 min at end) - Students reflect on what they discovered; revisit at lesson/unit end
What to Say
Opening: "Before we dive into photosynthesis, complete the K and W columns: What do you already KNOW about how plants make food? What do you WANT to learn?"
During: "Notice your questions in the W column—we'll address those... Look back at your K column—was anything incorrect that we can correct?"
Closing: "Complete the L column: What did you LEARN today? Did we answer your W questions? What new questions emerged?"
Why It Works
KWL externalizes the learning process, making metacognition visible. Activating prior knowledge (K) primes neural networks for new learning. Setting learning questions (W) creates cognitive curiosity that drives engagement. Reflection on learning (L) solidifies consolidation.
Research Connection: Pre-assessment of knowledge improves learning outcomes and helps students monitor their own growth (Ogle, 1986; Stahl, 2008).
Teacher Tip
Have students revisit their "W" column midway through a unit: "Let's see which questions we've answered and which still need exploring." This shows progress and maintains curiosity momentum.
Variations
Format: Individual chart, whole-class chart paper, digital template, sticky notes on wall • Timing: Beginning/end of single lesson (quick KWL), or beginning/middle/end of unit (extended KWL) • Ages: K-5: Draw pictures in K/W/L columns; 6-12: Written sentences; College: Critical analysis of knowledge evolution
Online
Digital KWL template (Google Docs, Padlet with three columns). Students type responses; teacher monitors in real-time. Display aggregate W questions to guide lesson focus.
Troubleshooting
K column is empty (no prior knowledge): "That's honest! Write one thing you've heard about this topic, even if you're not sure if it's true."
Extension
Add H column: How can I learn more? Students identify specific resources, questions, or strategies for extending their understanding beyond the lesson.
Related: Entry Tickets, Checklists